These tiles were recovered from our 2022 community research excavation of a Roman brick and tile-built kiln.

A total of 1.8 tonnes of ceramic building material, and a total of 36 stamped tiles were recovered. The stamped tiles included examples of all of the TPF die categories (TPF, TPFA, TPFB, TPFC and TPFP) and also the LHS die. The source of the TPF dies had long been thought to be Oaksey Park.

It is thought that the letters TPF could stand for ‘Tegularia Publica Fecerunt‘ broadly translating as ‘made by the public tile-works’, suggesting that the kiln at Brandiers is a municipally owned kiln which supplied tiles for the public buildings in Cirencester.

Very few examples of animal prints were found on the tiles. This suggests that they were laid out to dry in a purposefully built enclosed area.